What exactly are zero-energy buildings? According to the definition proposed by the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 May 2010, a building with nearly zero energy consumption is a building with very high energy performance. It is essential to highlight that the minimal energy requirements for these buildings should be fulfilled predominantly through renewable sources, including renewable energy generated on-site or in close proximity to the structure. Zero-energy buildings are equipped with renewable energy systems, including heat pumps, wind turbines and photovoltaics.The use of such solutions does not require the construction of a separate room. The building is self-sufficient in terms of energy and heating. The building's electricity expenses are minimal due to its superior insulation and airtight construction. Zero-energy houses do not contribute to the increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere - they are ecological and energy-efficient.
Zero-energy house project
To ensure that a zero-energy house operates in alignment with its defined standards, a comprehensive and appropriate design is essential. For example, heating and air conditioning installations, passive heating and cooling elements, and shading are important. When deciding to build a zero-energy house, it is necessary to consider the functioning of the building throughout the year, not just during the heating season. A zero-energy building is fundamentally characterized by its warmth, necessitating the prevention of any heat loss. The house design should include materials characterized by a high level of thermal insulation to prevent heat from escaping.Another significant characteristic is the thermal inertia of the materials utilized, which contributes to the extended duration required for heat to be released by the walls.
To ensure the highest degree of tightness, it is recommended to build simple and compact shapes, without additional balconies, bay windows or other decorative architectural solutions. It is recommended to use gable roofs with an angle of inclination of 30°- 45°. It is extremely important to properly position the building on the plot in relation to the cardinal directions. The longest wall of the building, most windows and glazing should be placed on the south or south-west side, to be able to use natural light for as long as possible and to limit the lighting of the rooms. The utility rooms should be located on the north side. The house should be designed with minimal roof and wall surface area, while ensuring the layout remains highly functional. The appropriate arrangement of rooms favors staying in them at certain times of the day and night, which allows for reducing heat loss and saving energy while maintaining the comfort of using the living space.
Advantages and disadvantages of zero-energy homes
As mentioned earlier, zero-energy homes are self-sufficient homes. They offer an ideal solution for individuals committed to environmental sustainability while also seeking to reduce utility costs.In addition to the advantages, zero-energy homes also have disadvantages. Below we present a few of both advantages and disadvantages.
The list of advantages:
- no costs for electricity, hot water, air conditioning or heating: the energy produced by renewable energy systems covers 100% of the household's demand,
- no emission of carbon dioxide, smoke and other pollutants into the atmosphere,
- energy management is done via a smartphone application or computer system,
- durability of energy-saving systems,
- independence from the increase in energy and fuel prices,
- possibility of subsidies from the state budget.
The list of disadvantages:
- Higher construction, material and installation costs than a standard home,
- A small number of qualified designers and professionals who can create a functional house using renewable energy sources.